A Righteous Day by Mudrooroo Nyroongah - 1486 Words

A Righteous Day written by Mudrooroo Nyroongah on 26TH January (Australia Day), in 1988, is a poem set in the first person voice that has been composed in response to the depressing day of the Bicentenary of European Settlement. As the righteous day is reflected by the persona, this contrasts with the White Australians celebrating a successful colonisation in high-spirited ways, because to the Aborigines it is a day of mourning as they view it as Invasion day. The poem underlines the fact that despite the hardships Aborigines have experienced as a result of White Colonisation, it would be ideal if they shifted from prisoners of society to proactive citizens of Australia who will stand tall with pride and win their internal battles†¦show more content†¦The phrase emphasizes the poets view of the importance of this day in positive means, and also the negative attributes of the day. It suggests a new beginning and their possible achievements such as the possibility of uniting t he two distinct cultures together, but negatively it also seems to be a deliberate provoke, reminding the Aborigines of their defeat, and their loss of land, culture, and identity. In line 9, the poet stresses again about his peoples need to walk tall, where ideally, each Aborigine should change their mindset to become strong and proud. It displays an image of him being equal in height with the authoritative leaders, which emphasises his pride and self-respect. It also shows that the Aborigines have found new determination and hope, which is a source of their motivation to strive for justice in the face of adversity. The poet uses a comparative image of his peoples leaders performing on stilts, with the leaders who walk on stilts and stumble, suggesting that the leaders are exposed to the risks of being disempowered politically and morally. This is because the leaders are not willing to acknowledge the fact that they have caused extreme measures of destruction to the Aboriginal race. It also suggests that the leaders are weak, as they are not really tall but are on stilts, which is a deception of height, and is an illusion of their superiority over the Aborigines. The line, as they greet me with the cries

Othello, By William Shakespeare - 918 Words

In any story, the antagonist always scheme their way into getting what they want by any means necessary. In Shakespeare’s play, Othello, Iago is a prime example of this. In fact, he is one of the greatest villains Shakespeare has ever created. Some even believe that he is the source of immorality like in other work Shakespeare has done. According to Sholokhov and Tolstoy, author Helen Muchnic states that the Vice of the morality plays who evolved into Shakepheare’s Iago. He also states that â€Å"If Iago, like Falstaff, may be considered a continuation of the Vice figure, he seems, also like Falstaff, to elude the role at every point.† But besides this, Iago is indirectly responsible for the deaths of Othello, Desdemona, and Roderigo. Every act in Othello contains an evil plot set up by Iago. It is ironic because throughout the play he is known as â€Å"Honest Iago†(II.iii.7). The readers are the only spectators that understand Iago’s true feelings. Each character believes that he is a trustworthy and noble man, but they are unaware of his thoughts and schemes. Iago is so wicked because he takes advantage of people; he lies while making himself look admirable and he is able to manipulate characters through his words and actions. A very formidable character that can easily do harm without blinking an eye. One characteristic that Iago has that makes him so bad is his ability to take advantage of innocent people. Iago is conscious that Roderigo is dimwitted andShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change to ward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of som eones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1825 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s plays transcends time and is renowned for their captivating plots and complex characters. Othello by William Shakespeare is a tragedy play that portrays major themes such as racism, manipulation, and jealousy just to name a few. Throughout the whole play, these themes are represented through the conniving character from the play, Iago. Out of all the plays Shakespeare has written, Iago is believed to be the most complex villain of all times. During the play, Othello, a black

Tap water Vs bottled water free essay sample

The sun rises high above the hot and humid park. My friends were having a soccer tournament that day. I was so thirsty. We had to go back to my car for more water. I had run out of water half an hour ago, and my cousins were out or running dangerously low on the potion of life. The 98-degree soccer field had absorbed the fluids from my body like a grape dehydrator to make raisins. We finally reached my car. I quickly reach for the trunk of the car reached into the cooler, and I grabbed a bottle of water. I cracked the seal, threw my head back, and gradually chugged two-third of the bottle. So refreshing I thought to my self as I began throwing bottles of water to my cousin Sara and San. I was used to drinking bottled water when I was out enjoying an event at a park. I finish the bottle and put it into a recycling trash bag. This is where the majority of the use bottles of water go after they are empty. The bottled water market went skyrocket over the last decade. We could go into any market, deli, or restaurant in America and buy a bottle of water for one variety or another. Will we always need this much-bottled water? We should not drink bottled water out of convenience, because of the economic and environmental consequences. A large amount of  bottled water is just domestic water. The tap water is then processed and bottled by the distributor. In fact, Aquafina and Dasani, which are two of the largest bottling companies and are owned by Pepsi and Coke, are merely treated domestic water. â€Å"In 2006, 44 percent of the bottled water sold in the United Sates came from domestic supplies and was labeled drinking water or purified water.† So why are we spending so much on for this tap water, which up to thousands of times the cost of average tap water, depending which brand it came from? According to Drop the Prop, â€Å"Americans spend over $15 billion each year on bottled water. World-wide the bottled water market is $50 billion, â€Å"the site says in its bottled water be statistic page (1-2). I once thought that I was paying this valuable amount for bottled water because I was getting a purer, tastier, and safer water to drink. While it may taste delicious then tap water it may not be purer or safer. The safety and purity of bottled water compared to domestic tap water raises some big questions with me as well as others. We sometimes noticed that bottled water label designs with mountain springs and glaciers on them. This is saying that the water comes from a unique source when in fact it may not. However, there are regulations preventing companies from labeling the contents spring or glacial water if it is not what are shows to be. Water from domestic water sources must be labeled as such, unless it has been treated or purified. This is one way bottled water companies mislead consumers. They take domestic water and treat it through reverse purification and in doing so they don’t have to tell us that it’s just basically filtered tap water. The FDA does not regulate bottled water that is sold in the state that produced it, but bottled water that is sold out of state is. We can imagine many smaller companies only sell their water in state. In doing so, they are only subject to state regulations, and often states do not have the manpower to appropriately regulate them. The FDA regulates some bottled water and individual states regulate some bottled water. The EPA regulates tap water and has much higher restrictions than does the FDA or state regulations on bottled water. Bottled water companies do not have to report violations to state officials or the FDA. Consumers also have yearly reports available to them on their domestic tap water. Most bottled water companies do not have to make this information available either. California is the only U.S. state that is required by state law to do so. I believe that we should have the  privileged to the information of what contaminates are in the bottled water we drink. We should be allowed to access to the information of what’s in our city’s domestic water supply so why not the same with bottled water? I know I want to know what chemicals and bacteria’s are in the water I’m drinking. Chemical such as arsenic, chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and DEHP all of which are cancer causing contaminates. Bacteria’s such as coliform and giardia. These can be an indicator of fecal matter in the water supply. E. coli is one such coliform bacteria that is harmful to humans. When everybody is trying to go green and recycle his or her bottles. This brings up the question about where are all these empty water bottles going when they are empty and no longer being used? The fact is that most water bottles used in the United States are discarded and not recycled. An estimated 50 billion water bottles were drunk in the United States. So what happens to all those bottles? Some estimates say that up to 80% of those 50 billion bottles go into our landfills. Some say it’s closer to 70%. That is a lot of plastics going into our landfills. Some people say that they bottled water because it tastes better than their domestic water or that their tap water has high levels of certain contaminates in it and they don’t want it to affect their health in a negative way. Some people’s water that comes from their tap may taste bad or have harmful chemicals in it, but most of the time that can be fixed with a simple filtration system. Either by buying a water pitcher with a carbon filter in it or by buying a filter that connects to the tap. You can even buy a whole house filtration system. Both of these fixes are far cheaper and safer to the environment than buying bottled water. We can reduce our expenses by reducing or eliminating the bottled water that we buy. These days, in the struggling economy, every little bit helps. Bottled water is not really much safer than your average domestic tap water, and if taste or contaminates are an issue people should filter and bottle their own water. We as a society are starting to lean toward green, and so by cutting down bottled water and the amount of plastic we are polluting our environment with. W should not be destroying our environment just because bottled water is convenient for us to have when we are â€Å"on the go.†

The need for an agreed international conceptual framework Essay Example For Students

The need for an agreed international conceptual framework Essay As we know, the demand of an in agreement international conceptual model is really of import and had been discussed above. But the job is about which criterion are more acceptable to the planetary user. First of wholly, the worldwide accounting is governed by one of two regulating organic structures: International Accounting Standard Board ( IASB ) or Financial Accounting Standard Board ( FASB ) ( Vitez, 2010 ) . IASB governs accounting in 150 states worldwide including England and the members of European Union, harmonizing to official web site of IASB. IFRS are a set of accounting criterions for formal fiscal coverage are developed by the International Accounting Standards Board ( Vitez, 2010 ) . We will write a custom essay on The need for an agreed international conceptual framework specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Beside it, in 1973, The US Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) set-up FASB as an organisation that responsible for develop the accounting criterion for the company in US. FASB is a non-organization whose primary intent is to develop, follow, publish the US GAAP ( Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ) ( Trusty, 2011 ) . US GAAP cover all accounting in the US. In an article from the Wharton Business School at the University of Pennsylvania province that For illustration, while U.S. GAAP is based on regulations and specific inside informations, International Financial Reporting Standards be given to be more loosely based on rules. This sentence merely means that US GAAP is mostly rule-based while the IFRS are principles-based international accounting criterions ( Adam, 2007 ) . US FASB s rules-based criterions are mentioning to a system of fiscal coverage. Rule-based accounting require comptrollers follow a listed of specific regulations when fixing the fiscal statement. For illustration, if a mill leases a machine, the company must follow the particular regulations to find if the dealing is an operating rental or a capital rental. Rule-based accounting criterion have really widely and integral elaborate explain refering what is or is non allowed ( Alexander and Jermakowicz, 2006 ) . Features of regulation based accounting standard including bright-line thresholds, range and bequest exclusions, big figure of execution counsel, and a high degree in item ( Mergenthaler 2009 ) . In instance, many comptrollers are favour in utilizing the regulation based fiscal coverage system. This is because if there is non rule, comptrollers need to judge and fix the fiscal statement by his perceptive. And if their judgement of fiscal statement is incorrect, they might be brought to tribunal. When there are rigorous regulations need to be followed, the possibility of case was lessening or even did nt be ( Togeeze, 2008 ) . Advantages of this criterion are by and large considered easier to scrutinize for conformity intents, and may bring forth more consistent and comparable fiscal studies across entities. Because of the regulation, the format of fiscal statement of the all public companies is the same, hence the fiscal study of them are more comparison ( Schipper, 2003 ) . For illustration, the manager or other user can compare the fiscal study with other companies easy. The disadvantage of this criterion is often easier to. Game , as entities may seek for loopholes that meet the actual diction of the criterion but violate the purpose of the criterion. A bright-lines trials which is provided by regulation based accounting criterion can easy be avoided. Hence, comptrollers can play around the regulation, and manipulated the consequence. Another disadvantage is a deficiency of flexibleness with respect to altering conditions, tendency and new merchandises. And it besides limited the usage of opinion ; flexibleness of comptrollers in their execution, merely because of this criterion had a regulation to follow. Besides, it will necessitate about continual care at times. Because the regulation was fixed but the real-world environment is keep altering so the organic structures need to maintain continual care, develop, and adopted the accounting criterion in order to run into the demands ( Basiccollegeaccounting.com, 2006 ) . .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e , .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e .postImageUrl , .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e , .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e:hover , .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e:visited , .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e:active { border:0!important; } .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e:active , .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6585146a015250696c695f3c6453015e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Organizational Culture EssayOn the other manus, IASB s principles-based international accounting criterions is based on the conceptual framawork of accounting which includes determination utility, true and just position, traveling concern, substance over signifier. This standard takes the signifier of general rules, and requires mostly interpretation and judgement by the comptrollers before they can be implemented. The rules based accounting non merely increases the possible for different reading, but besides provides counsel in more countries ( Adam, 2007 ) . Although some of the regulation is ineluctable, but the guidelines and regulations set are non meant to be applied in every state of affairs ( Togeeze, 2008 ) . The features of rules based accounting standard including faithful presentation of economic world, antiphonal to user s demands for lucidity and transparence, based on an appropriately-defined range that addresses a wide country of accounting and the usage of sensible judgement ( A. DiPiazza, Jr. , 2008 ) . The advantage of rules based accounting is that its wide guidelines can be practical and applied to assortment fortunes. Broad principles avoid the booby traps associated with precise demands that allow contracts to be written specifically to pull strings their purpose. A relevant instance is A 1981 survey sponsored by FASB found grounds that comptrollers purposefully try to construction rentals as operating rentals to avoid incurring extra liabilities. Hence, supplying wide guidelines may better the representational fidelity of fiscal statements.A Another advantage of this accounting criterion is that it would ensue in simple and clear criterions. The rules based accounting system would take to standard that would be less than 12 pages, instead than over 100 pages ( Herz, 2002 ) . The rules would be easy to understand and can be implement to a wide scope of minutess. Harvey Pitt, who is a former SEC president, claimed that Because criterions are developed based on regulations they are insufficiently flexible to suit future developments in the market place. This has resulted in accounting for unforeseen minutess that is less crystalline ( Pitt, 2002 ) . In add-on, rules based accounting standard allow the comptrollers to use professional opinion in measuring the substance of a dealing. Chairman of FASB ( Herz ) stated that the professionalism of fiscal statements would be enhanced if comptrollers are required to utilizing their judgement instead than trusting on elaborate regulations ( Herz, 2002 ) . Furthermore, this type of accounting standard reflects the existent public presentation of company s fiscal statement accurately. In instance, Australian Securities and Investments Commission Chairman David Knott has stated, an addition in principles-based accounting criterions would cut down uses of the regulations ( Nationwide News, 2002 ) .A The disadvantages of rules based accounting standard including deficiency of precise guidelines which could take to incompatibilities in the application of criterions across organisations. For illustration, companies are required to acknowledge both an disbursal and a liability for a contingent liability that is likely and estimable. On the other manus, a contingent liability that is moderately possible is merely reported in the footers. With no precise guidelines, how should companies find if liabilities are likely or merely moderately possible? The deficiency of bright-light criterions may cut down comparison and consistence which is basic perceptive of fiscal accounting ( Trogulj, 2008 ) . Another disadvantage of this accounting criterion is because of the extent that they rely on single judgement to construe and implement the criterions. It produces the undependable and inconsistent information that make it hard to compare ( Basiccollegeaccounting.com, 2006 ) . There are the account and advantage, disadvantage of two systems. And the two systems are strictly different. There are some illustrations between the two system of impacts on the fiscal statements and hence on the behavior of concerns. First one is Consolidation. IFRS favors a control theoretical account whereas U.S. GAAP prefers a risks-and-rewards theoretical account. Some entities consolidated in conformity with FIN 46 ( R ) may hold to be shown individually under IFRS. .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3 , .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3 .postImageUrl , .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3 , .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3:hover , .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3:visited , .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3:active { border:0!important; } .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3:active , .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3 .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubc1a8320a760a5a396e6c68bef0809a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christopher Columbus EssaySecond is Measurement of Inventory. Under IFRS, LIFO can non be used while under U.S. GAAP, companies have the pick between LIFO and FIFO. Third is Income statement. Under IFRS, extraordinary points are non segregated in the income statement, while, under US GAAP, they are shown below the net income. Fourth is Improvement costs. The betterment costs can be capitalized under IFRS if certain standards are met, nevertheless the development, betterment cost is recognised as expenses under U.S. GAAP ( Forgeas, 2008 ) . Without rules the regulations are nonmeaningful ( Estiben, 2006 ) . We think that the IASB s principles-based accounting criterion was more acceptable for planetary users of fiscal statements because a rule is more unfastened to interpretation than a regulation. The current rules-based system is excessively complex and non crystalline plenty for users of fiscal statements. The principles-based attack is besides supported by the International Accounting Standards Board and advocates of the principles-based attack believe a alteration is necessary in a planetary economic system. The planetary users of fiscal statement are ever tried to see the company existent public presentation and other relevant information of company. The rules based accounting criterion provided more minimum counsel, greater usage of professional judgements and other advantages which are planetary users of fiscal statement privation ( Sdriscoll, 2006 ) . Therefore, the planetary users of fiscal statement will be m ore acceptable rules based system alternatively of regulation based system.

Effects of Sex in the Media on Adolescents essays

Effects of Sex in the Media on Adolescents essays Everywhere we go the media is always around us. Through television, radio, internet, movies, video games; we cannot escape media's influence. The media is full of sexual images and themes that can be unhealthy for a growing mind to view. The prevalence of overtly sexual content in the media influences teenagers to be promiscuous. The abundance of sexual material in the media is influencing teenagers to make unhealthy choices about sex. Because sexual themes can be found in all forms of media, it is difficult for teenagers not to be subjected to it. Richard Jackson and Christopher Barlett state, "[aAdolescents] . . . learn about sex from . . . media outlets such as movies, television, magazines, song lyrics, videos and the internet" (1). Allyssa Harris adds, "[The] media are among the primary educators for adolescents about sexuality and sexual behavior" (235). When teenagers are exposed to sexual themes in popular media, it alters their way of thinking in regards to sex. David Myers declares, "[tT]he more sexual content adolescents view, the more likely they are to perceive their peers as sexually active, to develop sexually permissive attitudes, and to experience early intercourse" (361). Frequent exposure to sexual media will affect how teenagers develop their self-identity (Harris 236). When teenagers turn on a media format to be entertained, they are being exposed to sexually charged content that will have harmful consequences on their The large amount of sexual situations shown on television programs influences teenagers to be promiscuous. Most of the popular prime-time television shows are full of sexual acts and behaviors. Myers states that if you watch prime-time television for one hour you will see "15 sexual acts, words and innuendos" (361). Harris adds, "[tThat] up to 70% of all television shows have sexual content, 68% talk about sex and 35% include sexual b...

General Procedures for Elementary Classrooms

General Procedures for Elementary Classrooms The key to a well-managed organized classroom, is to create effective classroom procedures and routines. By implementing procedures, students will understand what is expected of them throughout the day. Once these are established, the number of behavior problems and classroom interruptions will be greatly reduced. Here is a list of general procedures and routines to teach in the classroom. Feel free to modify or adapt this list depending upon grade level and individual preference. Beginning the Day When entering the classroom, first put away your coat, book-bag, snack and lunch. Then turn your homework in the homework basket, place your attendance tag in the appropriate spot on the lunch count board and start you morning seat-work. Entering and Leaving the Room Enter and exit the classroom quietly. If you are coming in late or leaving early, do not disturb the other students. This procedure will be used for all situations throughout the school day. Lunch Count/Attendance Find your name and move your attendance tag to the correct column. If you brought lunch, place your tag under the bringing column. If you are buying lunch place your tag under the buying column. Using the Restroom (Younger students) You can get up and use the restroom freely as long as the teacher is not in the middle of teaching a lesson. (Older students) One student at a time my use the lavatory pass. They must return with the pass within three minutes or they will lose the privilege of going to the lavatory freely. Fire Drill When you hear the alarm, stop what you are doing, leave everything, and quietly walk directly to the door. The first person takes the fire drill packet while the second person holds the door open for the rest of the class. The last student closes the door and gets into line. Once outside, everyone is expected to stand quietly and wait for the announcement to come back into the building. Lining Up Wait until you or your row is called, then quietly stand up, push in your chair, and line up facing forward. Bring all the necessary items you may need with you. Ending the Day Clear off your desk, place papers to go home in your homework folder and wait to be called. Once you are called then gather your belongings, stack your chair, quietly sit on the carpet and wait to be dismissed. Additional Procedures: AnnouncementsClassroom jobsParticipating in group lessonsThrowing away trashGetting a tissuePledge of AllegianceClassroom visitorsSignals for attentionHelping other studentsWhen to use the pencil sharpenerWhen to use the drinking fountainHanding in homeworkCaring for classroom suppliesHandling classroom equipmentGetting ready for lunch or specialsChanging classesPassing out papersAsking questionsSnack timeParticipating in learning centersGoing to the nurse Additional Things to Consider Here are four additional things to consider when implementing your classroom procedures. Take time to practice It may take students several weeks to learn the various procedures that are expected of them. Take the time to practice over and over again until they understand. Once they understand what is expected, then you will have more time to teach. Make procedures simple For younger students, make them easy to follow. The more complicated they get, the longer it will take for the students to understand them. Make procedures visible Only post the most important procedures you want the students to follow. Leave the easy ones, like walking in the hallway and going to lunch from memory. Be Specific When teaching a procedure to the class, make sure you are specific and list your expectations exactly how you want the students to follow them.

The US Troop Presence in East Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The US Troop Presence in East Asia - Essay Example After World War II, and throughout the Cold War, the United States occupied and maintained large bases in South Korea, Japan, and the Philippines. Political realities and social sensitivity has resulted in a significant draw down of the US presence in the Eastern Asian sphere, and there have been continued objections to the remaining US forces. However, the remaining US forces serve an honourable and necessary part of the common goals that are shared by Australians and the Americans. US troops are necessary in Eastern Asia as a means to maintain stability in the region and discourage social upheavals that could threaten to disrupt trade with the dynamic economies in the area. The issue of a US troop presence in Eastern Asia has been very much in the public's eye in recent years and is a topic that has reached legitimacy in the mind of Australian voters. Anti-US feelings are gaining exposure and have seen a decline in US popularity due to, "Bush Administration policies; the view that the United States is a self proclaimed world watch dog; the war in Iraq; and U.S. foreign policies" (Vaughn (a), 2007, p.4). Still, whilst a majority of Australian voters believe that China will be Australia's biggest trading partner in the coming decade, "some 92% of Australians believe that the U.S. will be a very close or close security partner over the next decade, and some 79% still believe that the U.S. alliance under ANZUS is "very important" (37%) or "fairly important" (42%) to Australia's security (Vaughn (a), 2007, p.4). The historical mutual support that the ANZUS treaty has invoked in the past continues to be a widely popular policy, and will demand that US troops are stationed within the region. The alliance with the US and US allies in the region is built upon a common culture and common political and social goals. Analysts view Australia as a very important partner and ally that is the equivalent of a Great Britain in the Pacific (Vaughn (b), 2007, p.18). Australian foreign policy likewise favourably views U.S. presence in Asia and the Australian Defence Department recently reported that the alliance has been "the foundation of the region's strategic stability and security since World War II, and is no less relevant sixty years on" (cited in Vaughn (b), 2007, p.18). Australia has relied on the US for security, as well as trade, and there is a growing need to provide collective security in the 21st century world of globalisation. The cultural traditions and ethnicity of Australia makes it a natural partner for the West and the US. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has been a lukewarm replacement for SEATO that was abandoned in the 1970s. ASEAN has as an obj ective to "promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries in the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter" (Overview ASEAN). However, Leong, Ho, and Ku (2005, p.166) warns that, "It still remains to be seen whether ASEAN would truly accept Australia and New Zealand into the East Asian Community". Without US troops in the region and security arrangements with the West, Australia could become isolated in the region. The post Cold War period had presented Australia with trans-national extremism and an increased probability of terror attacks.

Risk investment in Construction industry Essay

Risk investment in Construction industry - Essay Example In addition, a case study in China’s construction industry is included to demonstrate the effectiveness of risk management. Although the Chinese construction industry has organised a risk management campaign, the anticipated continuous improvement in risk alleviation fails to be realised in the industry. There are some obstacles to the successful implementation of risk management practices in a planned economy including those stemming from both within (internal) and outside (external) an organisation. This study aims to unveil these major obstacles by a survey analysed with the proper methodology. These obstacles include the mandatory requirement by the government; acute competition in the construction market; commitment and leadership of top management; bidding policies; labor training; unique specialties of the industry; statistical methods; organisation structures and teamwork; and resource input. The study reveals that such actions should be implemented that affects the industry’s external factor, in which, it is more crucial than internal factors in hampering the successful progress of the co nstruction industry in Asia, specifically in China. Based on the analysis of risk management approaches and the pitfalls of quality certification in the construction industry of China, this paper proposes that active implementation of a risk management system is more effective than passive implementation in the pursuit of continuous risk management for quality improvement. The construction industry plays a very important role in the national economy in both developed and developing countries (Miles and Neale, 1991). There is normally a vigorous demand for construction in industrialisation and urbanisation, which is reflected from the sizeable proportion of added value of the construction industry in the gross domestic product (GDP) (Hillebrandt, 2000). In the period of economy take-off in Japan from 1956 to 1973, the percentage of the

Statistics problems Essay Example for Free

Statistics problems Essay Based on a simple random sample of one hundred an analyst estimates the average hourly wage earned by workers in a city to be $30 and computes the margin of error to be $5. Can we conclude from this that most workers there earn between $25 and $35 per hour? Is the right interpretation for the margin of error? Polls showed the two main candidates in the 2004 presidential election were nearly tied on the day before the election. To predict the winner a newspaper would like to have a poll that has margin of error of less than 1%. Roughly how large a sample would be needed for such a poll? Chapter 8 6. A large population of overdue bills ha balances that follow a normal curve. When we take a sample of 100 of these the average is $500 and the SD is $100. (a) What statement can you make about the range $300 to $700? (b) What statement can you make about the range $480 to $520? 10. Pollsters try to determine whether or not a person is a â€Å"likely voter† before they count their opinion in a poll. If we assume 40% of the registered voters will actually vote, in a random sample of 100 registered voters we can be 95% confident that somewhere between ______ and ________ of them will actually vote. Fill in the blanks with numbers. 22. An investment firm with 10,000 clients would like to accurately forecast the average dollar amount their current customers will deposit over the coming year. They decide to telephone a random selection of 25 of their customers to ask how much they plan to deposit, and they would like to keep this sample as small as possible so the calls do not annoy too many customers. Since they will be multiplying his average by the total number of customers to get an overall forecast, they would like to accurately estimate this average with a margin of error of less than $4,000. Last year, the average deposit for all 10,000 clients was $25,000 with a standard deviation of $30,000 Do you think a sample of 25 is enough to give them the margin of error they want? If not, how large a sample do you suggest they need to take? Justify you answer with relevant calculations.

Gringo by Sophie Treadwell :: Essays Papers

Gringo by Sophie Treadwell As a journalist in 1920 for the New York Herald Tribune, Sophie Treadwell was assigned to go to Mexico to follow the situation after the Mexican Revolution. (Mexican Revolution 1910-1917) She covered many important aspects of the Mexican Revolution during this time, including relations between the U.S. and Mexico. She was even permitted an interview with Pancho Villa in August 1921 at his headquarters. This interview and other events that she experienced in Mexico are presumably what led her to write the play Gringo. In Gringo Treadwell tries to depict the stereotypical and prejudicial attitudes that Mexicans and Americans have about each other. There is a demonstration of how Mexican women are looked at in the Mexican culture and how they see themselves. The play also corresponds to similar events that occurred during the Mexican Revolution. Sophie Treadwell was born on October 3, 1885 in Stockton, California. She is known mostly as a playwright, but wrote in various other genres also. Her written works not only include plays, but also books and novels, fiction and non-fiction. Her journalism career was quite successful. Her commentaries and articles were always captivating to the public eye. Sophie frequently followed sensational stories in the news, some of which gained much acclaim, one being her interview with Pancho Villa. Gringo was written in 1922 and premiered on December 12, 1922. Gringo became a sensation on Broadway soon after it was written. This play has three acts that all take place in Mexico between the lives of Mexicans and Americans. The first act of Gringo takes place at a mine that is owned by an American named Don Juan Chivers. The mine is located in Mexico where Mr. Chivers discovers what he assumes is a new ore deposit. Mr. Chivers has a daughter named Besita (meaning "The Little Kiss") who is half-Mexican by a Mexican mother. Besita's mother is not around. There are several ironies found in the character of Mr. Chivers throughout this play. Mr. Chivers constantly talks down to the Mexican workers at the mine, on the other hand, he also show kindness to them by taking care of a wounded mine worker. He demonstrates a sort of superiority about himself and the fact that he is an American.

Affect the Daily Lives of Elderly

â€Å"I’ve fallen and can’t get up! † How many times have you heard and laughed at that expression? Although there are countless jokes to go along with aging, the fact is the age process brings about numerous bodily changes that can affect the lives of older adults. With such a large span of changes that may happen, not all elderly people have the same changes. This is called probabilistic aging (changes that may happen to some, but not all people as they grow older). The majority of aging changes not only cause physical disability, but mental and social setbacks as well.The ones that have the largest effects of the quality of daily life in the elderly are the loss of bone density, kidney dysfunctions, and hypertension. As we progress through the years, our bones begin to decrease in density. We all lose some bone mass as we age and it reaches its peak between the ages of 25 and 35. Our bones lose calcium and other minerals and become more porous, lighter, and le ss dense. The loss of density causes our bones to become weak and possibly break. There are many different stages to bone loss, but osteoporosis is the most debilitating.It is most commonly found in women over the age of 60 when their bones begin to break and can even cause hip and spinal fractures. In women who have experienced menopause, they can use hormone therapy to help increase bone density. Through calcium and vitamin D supplements as well as exercise (weight lifting and walking), we can also increase our bone density. Of course, the earlier we start, the healthier our bones will be when we get older. Another common ailment is kidney disease. Our kidneys have the job of removing waste from the bloodstream.As we age and have chronic conditions like: diabetes or high blood pressure, damage can be done to our urinary tract and kidneys. When poisons and toxins are not being eliminated properly, problems can range from fatigue and frequent urination to incontinence (loss of bladd er control) and the need for dialysis (blood is cleaned out) may occur. The most extreme cases would require kidney transplants. Reducing the intake of sugar and carbohydrates, maintaining a low cholesterol and fat diet, as well as drinking plenty of fluids is what doctors suggest to avoid these types of problems.The third and most significant bodily change as we age is hypertension or high blood pressure. It is a silent change that is linked to various other diseases and is the most deadly. Hypertension is caused by fatty deposits that form on the walls of the heart vessels known as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). The body receives blood through arteries pumped by the heart muscles. This blood carries oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients to the necessary areas in the body. If there are fatty deposits on the walls of the vessels, it impedes the blood flow, resulting in the heart working harder to push the blood through blocked arteries.The effect is an elevated blood pr essure reading medically known as hypertension. Stress is one of the main causes of hypertension which is directly linked to overeating, smoking, and drinking. Research indicates that cold weather can be related to high blood pressure in older people because it is related to stress. Without treatment, it increases the risk of kidney disease, erectile dysfunction, eye problems, diabetes and more importantly heart disease and stroke which can be fatal. A proper diet, exercise and healthy choices are necessary to decrease the fatty deposits in our blood vessels.All of these bodily changes can cause some form of physical disability which in turn can cause emotional and social problems as well. When a physical body change occurs, the elderly may become depressed because they may need to rely of others to help them. They also may avoid social situations because they are uncomfortable, in pain, or have a level of embarrassment due to their disability. Although biological aging cannot be av oided, there often are many ways to prevent some of the probabilistic changes from happening or be less debilitating.A common thread found throughout the bodily changes is many of them can be avertable with a healthy lifestyle change of a proper diet and exercise. So get wiser with age by seeing a doctor regularly and begin your lifestyle changes to ensure an enjoyable aging process. Works Cited Aging. (Last modified March 21, 2009. ) In Wikipedia Online. Retrieved March 21, 2009 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aging Bone Mineral Density. (2005-2009) WebMD. Retrieved on March 21, 2009 from http://www. webmd.com/osteoporosis/bone-mineral-density Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). (2009. ) National Kidney Foundation. Retreived on March 21, 2009 from http://www. kidney. org/kidneydisease/ckd/index. cfm Hypertension/High Blood Pressure Guide (2005-2009). WebMD. Retrieved on March 20, 2009 from http://www. webmd. com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/ Warner, J. (January 12, 2009). WebMD. High Blood Pressure Climbs in Winter. http://www. webmd. com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/news/20090112/high-blood- pressure-climbs-in-winter

Nursing Care Plan

Health ProblemFamily Nursing ProblemsGoal of CareObjectives of CareIntervention Plan Nursing InterventionsRationaleMethod of Nurse-Family ContactEvaluation Unhealthful lifestyle and personal habits specifically cigarette smoking as a health threat. 1. Inability to recognize the presence of the problem due to Inadequate knowledge 2. Inability to make decisions with respect to taking appropriate health action due to fear of consequences of action, specifically physical consequences 3. Inability to provide adequate nursing care to the at-risk member of the family due to: A. Inadequate knowledge about the disease or health condition B. Lack of the necessary facilities, equipment and supplies for care 4. Inability to provide a home environment conducive to health maintenance due to lack of knowledge of preventive measures 5. Failure to utilize community resources for health care due to inadequate knowledge of community resources for health care After nursing intervention, Rusty Cacal with the help of his family members will be able to lessen the cigarettes he smokes from 10 sticks to 15 sticks a day to gradual cessation of smoking Objectives 1. After discussing the definition of cigarette smoking, the family will be able to state the meaning of cigarette smoking accurately within 3 minutes. 2. After 10 minutes of discussion, the family will be able to enumerate the components of cigarette completely in 5 minutes. 3. Given the components of cigarette, the family will be able to state at least 8 out of 11 effects of nicotine in 8 minutes. 4. Given the components of cigarette, the family will be able to state the effects of tar completely in 5 minutes 5. After discussing the effects of nicotine and tar, the family will be able to distinguish the effects of addiction in cigarette smoke within 5 minutes. 6. After 15 minutes of discussion, the family will be able to discuss 7 out of 9 management on how to reduce the # of cigarette smoked per day within 8 minutes. 7. Given a sample of a time table, the family will be able to formulate a schedule on the reduction of # of sticks of cigarette smoked per day within 20 minutes. 8. In a day-to-day basis, the clients will be able to practice the formulated schedule plan in 1 month and 2 weeks. Developmental 1. The health care provider will discuss the meaning of cigarette smoking. 2. The health care provider will enumerate the components of cigarette. 3. The health care provider will discuss the effects of nicotine. 4. The health care provider will discuss the effects of tar. 5. The health care provider will distinguish the effects of addiction in cigarette smoking. 6. The health care provider will discuss the different management on how to reduce the # of cigarette smoked per day 7. The health care provider will provide a sample of a time table. She will guide the client in formulating her schedule for 1 month 8. The HCP will monitor the clients’ compliance to the formulated schedule 1. Discussing the meaning of cigarette smoking will enable the clients to have a wide understanding about this habit and be aware that smoking contributes significantly to diseases that shortens life and is leading cause of death like heart attack, stroke, respiratory diseases which make smokers â€Å"pulmonary cripples† as in asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, recurrent infections, and cancer. *Ref: http://doh. gov. ph/tobacco/aboutsmoking. tm 2. Discussing the components of cigarettes will enable the clients to be aware of the possible effects of the listed components *Ref: http://www. knowledgebasescript. com/ emo/article-393. html 3. Discussing the effects of nicotine will enable the clients to know the medical consequences of nicotine exposure *Ref: Psychology Today Staff Originally published by Psychology Today:2002/10/10 4. Disc ussing the effects of tar will enable the clients to know how it affects their respiratory tract. *Ref: Janice A. Dye and Kenneth B. Adler; http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. ov/pagerender. fcgi? artid=475133 &pageindex=1#page 5. Discussing the effects of smoking addiction give the conclusion that there are many health effects of smoking cigarettes products and not one of them are beneficial. It's not an exaggeration; it is reality that smoking tobacco does unquestionably not only destroy client's well being but also health of acquaintances and family around her. *Ref: Winn, Jackie (2008), â€Å"No Positive Effects From Smoking Can Be Found†. September 28, 2008, from http://ezinearticles. com/? No-Positive-Effects-From-Smoking-Can-Be-Found&id=1290284 6. Discussing the different management on how to reduce the use of cigarette smoke per day increases quit rates by 30 percent. Every person who uses cigarettes should be offered at least brief advice to quit smoking. More intensive counseling and medications are even more effective and should be provided to all cigarette users willing to use them. *Ref:CORINNE G. HUSTEN, ABBY C. ROSENTHAL, MICAH H. MILTON, The Gale Group Inc. , Macmillan Reference USA, New York, Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health, 2002 7. Providing sample time table will help the clients to guide the client in making a checklist or schedule on reducing and quitting smoking. Ref: The lung Asssociation; http://www. lung. ca/protect-protegez/tobacco-tabagisme/quitting-cesser/how-comment_e. php#list 8. Monitoring clients’ compliance to the formulated schedule will able the clients to apply their schedule and reduce the number of cigarettes thrysmoked per day *Ref:http://www. healthline. com/adamcontent/smoking-tips-o n-how-to-quit? utm_source=z_smoking_cessation&utm_medium=google&utm_campaign=adam&utm_term=how%20to%20quit%20smoking Home VisitEffectiveness: 1. Was the family able to define cigarette smoking? Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Adequacy : Was the no. of intervention sufficient? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Appropriateness: Was the no. of intervention, setting, time table, realistic to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Acceptability: Was the intervention suitable to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Effectiveness: 2. Was the family able to enumerate the components of cigarette? Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Adequacy : Was the no. of intervention sufficient? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Appropriateness: Was the no. of intervention, setting, time table, realistic to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Acceptability: Was the intervention suitable to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Effectiveness: 3. Was the family able to discuss the effects of nicotine Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Adequacy : Was the no. of intervention sufficient? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Appropriateness: Was the no. of intervention, setting, time table, realistic to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Acceptability: Was the intervention suitable to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Effectiveness: 4. Was the family able to discuss the effects of tar Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Adequacy : Was the no. of intervention sufficient? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Appropriateness: Was the no. of intervention, setting, time table, realistic to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Acceptability: Was the intervention suitable to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Effectiveness: 5. Was the family able to discuss the effects of addiction in cigarette smoking? Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Adequacy : Was the no. of intervention sufficient? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Appropriateness: Was the no. of intervention, setting, time table, realistic to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? _ Acceptability: Was the intervention suitable to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Effectiveness: 6. Was the family able to discuss the different management on how to reduce the # of cigarette smoked per day Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Adequacy : Was the no. of intervention sufficient? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Appropriateness: Was the no. of intervention, setting, time table, realistic to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Acceptability: Was the intervention suitable to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Effectiveness: 7. Was the family able to formulate a schedule on the reduction of # of sticks of cigarette smoked per day Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Nursing Care Plan Health ProblemFamily Nursing ProblemsGoal of CareObjectives of CareIntervention Plan Nursing InterventionsRationaleMethod of Nurse-Family ContactEvaluation Unhealthful lifestyle and personal habits specifically cigarette smoking as a health threat. 1. Inability to recognize the presence of the problem due to Inadequate knowledge 2. Inability to make decisions with respect to taking appropriate health action due to fear of consequences of action, specifically physical consequences 3. Inability to provide adequate nursing care to the at-risk member of the family due to: A. Inadequate knowledge about the disease or health condition B. Lack of the necessary facilities, equipment and supplies for care 4. Inability to provide a home environment conducive to health maintenance due to lack of knowledge of preventive measures 5. Failure to utilize community resources for health care due to inadequate knowledge of community resources for health care After nursing intervention, Rusty Cacal with the help of his family members will be able to lessen the cigarettes he smokes from 10 sticks to 15 sticks a day to gradual cessation of smoking Objectives 1. After discussing the definition of cigarette smoking, the family will be able to state the meaning of cigarette smoking accurately within 3 minutes. 2. After 10 minutes of discussion, the family will be able to enumerate the components of cigarette completely in 5 minutes. 3. Given the components of cigarette, the family will be able to state at least 8 out of 11 effects of nicotine in 8 minutes. 4. Given the components of cigarette, the family will be able to state the effects of tar completely in 5 minutes 5. After discussing the effects of nicotine and tar, the family will be able to distinguish the effects of addiction in cigarette smoke within 5 minutes. 6. After 15 minutes of discussion, the family will be able to discuss 7 out of 9 management on how to reduce the # of cigarette smoked per day within 8 minutes. 7. Given a sample of a time table, the family will be able to formulate a schedule on the reduction of # of sticks of cigarette smoked per day within 20 minutes. 8. In a day-to-day basis, the clients will be able to practice the formulated schedule plan in 1 month and 2 weeks. Developmental 1. The health care provider will discuss the meaning of cigarette smoking. 2. The health care provider will enumerate the components of cigarette. 3. The health care provider will discuss the effects of nicotine. 4. The health care provider will discuss the effects of tar. 5. The health care provider will distinguish the effects of addiction in cigarette smoking. 6. The health care provider will discuss the different management on how to reduce the # of cigarette smoked per day 7. The health care provider will provide a sample of a time table. She will guide the client in formulating her schedule for 1 month 8. The HCP will monitor the clients’ compliance to the formulated schedule 1. Discussing the meaning of cigarette smoking will enable the clients to have a wide understanding about this habit and be aware that smoking contributes significantly to diseases that shortens life and is leading cause of death like heart attack, stroke, respiratory diseases which make smokers â€Å"pulmonary cripples† as in asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, recurrent infections, and cancer. *Ref: http://doh. gov. ph/tobacco/aboutsmoking. tm 2. Discussing the components of cigarettes will enable the clients to be aware of the possible effects of the listed components *Ref: http://www. knowledgebasescript. com/ emo/article-393. html 3. Discussing the effects of nicotine will enable the clients to know the medical consequences of nicotine exposure *Ref: Psychology Today Staff Originally published by Psychology Today:2002/10/10 4. Disc ussing the effects of tar will enable the clients to know how it affects their respiratory tract. *Ref: Janice A. Dye and Kenneth B. Adler; http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. ov/pagerender. fcgi? artid=475133 &pageindex=1#page 5. Discussing the effects of smoking addiction give the conclusion that there are many health effects of smoking cigarettes products and not one of them are beneficial. It's not an exaggeration; it is reality that smoking tobacco does unquestionably not only destroy client's well being but also health of acquaintances and family around her. *Ref: Winn, Jackie (2008), â€Å"No Positive Effects From Smoking Can Be Found†. September 28, 2008, from http://ezinearticles. com/? No-Positive-Effects-From-Smoking-Can-Be-Found&id=1290284 6. Discussing the different management on how to reduce the use of cigarette smoke per day increases quit rates by 30 percent. Every person who uses cigarettes should be offered at least brief advice to quit smoking. More intensive counseling and medications are even more effective and should be provided to all cigarette users willing to use them. *Ref:CORINNE G. HUSTEN, ABBY C. ROSENTHAL, MICAH H. MILTON, The Gale Group Inc. , Macmillan Reference USA, New York, Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health, 2002 7. Providing sample time table will help the clients to guide the client in making a checklist or schedule on reducing and quitting smoking. Ref: The lung Asssociation; http://www. lung. ca/protect-protegez/tobacco-tabagisme/quitting-cesser/how-comment_e. php#list 8. Monitoring clients’ compliance to the formulated schedule will able the clients to apply their schedule and reduce the number of cigarettes thrysmoked per day *Ref:http://www. healthline. com/adamcontent/smoking-tips-o n-how-to-quit? utm_source=z_smoking_cessation&utm_medium=google&utm_campaign=adam&utm_term=how%20to%20quit%20smoking Home VisitEffectiveness: 1. Was the family able to define cigarette smoking? Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Adequacy : Was the no. of intervention sufficient? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Appropriateness: Was the no. of intervention, setting, time table, realistic to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Acceptability: Was the intervention suitable to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Effectiveness: 2. Was the family able to enumerate the components of cigarette? Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Adequacy : Was the no. of intervention sufficient? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Appropriateness: Was the no. of intervention, setting, time table, realistic to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Acceptability: Was the intervention suitable to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Effectiveness: 3. Was the family able to discuss the effects of nicotine Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Adequacy : Was the no. of intervention sufficient? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Appropriateness: Was the no. of intervention, setting, time table, realistic to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Acceptability: Was the intervention suitable to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Effectiveness: 4. Was the family able to discuss the effects of tar Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Adequacy : Was the no. of intervention sufficient? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Appropriateness: Was the no. of intervention, setting, time table, realistic to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Acceptability: Was the intervention suitable to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Effectiveness: 5. Was the family able to discuss the effects of addiction in cigarette smoking? Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Adequacy : Was the no. of intervention sufficient? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Appropriateness: Was the no. of intervention, setting, time table, realistic to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? _ Acceptability: Was the intervention suitable to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Effectiveness: 6. Was the family able to discuss the different management on how to reduce the # of cigarette smoked per day Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Adequacy : Was the no. of intervention sufficient? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Appropriateness: Was the no. of intervention, setting, time table, realistic to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Acceptability: Was the intervention suitable to client situation? Yes__ No__ Why no? __ Effectiveness: 7. Was the family able to formulate a schedule on the reduction of # of sticks of cigarette smoked per day Yes__ No__ Why? Efficiency: Was the time, materials, human resources used economically? Yes__ No__ Nursing Care Plan Nursing Care Plan Assessment equals Data Collection + Analysis| Nursing Diagnosis – Actual/Potential| Nursing Goal(SMART)| Nursing Interventions/ActionsInclude Rationale/Reference| Evaluation| Female Age : 85Code status: Full Code initially but changed to DNR on 14/Jan-2012Primary diagnosis: PancytopeniaReason for Hospital Admission: Fall at home. Allergy: PenicillinMedical History: Pacemaker, Hypertension, Fall at home, Bradycardia, Hyperlipidemia. Neurological: Alert, Oriented x 4. Diet as ToleratedActivity as tolerated. Does not want to do physiotherapy.Would prefer to remain in bed. Will only move her arms and legs and adjust as needed. | Activity Intolerance related to weakness, bed rest and immobility as evidenced by client verbalizing lack of interest/desire in activity. Risk for falls related to generalised weakness and impaired mobility as evidenced by client having a history of fall in the past. Hopelessness related to failing or deteriorating physical condition as e videnced by client stating â€Å"Why god is not calling me to him†. | 1. Client will participate in daily activity with vital signs within limit in a week’s time. 2.Client will perform ADLs with some assistance, e. g. , toilets with help ambulating to bathroom, by discharge. 1. Client will not experience a fall by identifying risks that increase susceptibility to falls by the end of the day. 2. Client and caregiver will apply tactics and ways to increase safety and provide a safe home environment. 1. Client will initiate behaviours that may reduce feeling of hopelessness by the end of week. 2. Client will be hopeful verbalizing optimistic plans after she is discharged and reaches home. | 1. Record client’s vitals before and after any activity.Rationale: Variation can be caused by temporary insufficiency of blood supply (Ackley & Ladwig, 2008, p 119). 2. Administer pain medications prior to activity. Rationale: Pain restricts client from performing maximum activi ty and may worsen the movement (Ackley & Ladwig, 2008, p 120). 3. Encourage client to change position gradually, dangle, sit, stand and ambulate as tolerated. Rationale: Performing activities slowly at client’s pace and for shorter periods minimizes fatigue (Kozier, 2010, pg. 1126). 4. Teach the client systematic performance of active ROM exercises to maintain and improve joint mobility.Rationale: These activity increases muscular strength and active movement (Kozier, 2010, pg. 1147). 5. Encourage client plan activities with alternate periods or rest and activity. Rationale: Assistance in planning daily routines that maintain a balance between activity and rest may be necessary to conserve energy (Day, 2010, pg. 1744). 6. Reinforce importance of progressive exercise, emphasizing that joints are to be exercised to the point of pain and not after that. Rationale: Pain occurs as a result of joint or muscle injury.Continued stress on joints or muscles may lead to more serious dam age and limit ability to move (Gulanick &Myers, 2010, pg 136). 1. Place objects used by the client within her reach. Rationale: Client can lose balance and might fall when she is trying to get items that are out of reach (Kozier, pg 775, 2010). 2. Emphasize and educate client about the importance of nutrition especially vitamin D supplementation in relation to reducing fall risk. Rationale: Proper diet along with Vitamin D supplement raises calcium which reduces falls and falls related fractures (Best Practice Guidelines, 2005, Rec. 05). 3. Consult with other health care team members such as OT/PT to help resolve mobility issues. Rationale: Interprofessional collaboration results in a sharing of expertise to enhance the quality of patient care (Kozier, pg 776, 2010). 4. Encourage client to do exercises and activity as tolerated to maintain muscle strength and joint flexibility. Rationale: A routine of exercises such as Tai chi can enhance balance and improve overall muscle strength (Best Practice Guideline, Rec. 2. 1, 2005). 5. Educate client to stay in the lower level of house such as bedroom/washroom or everything in one floor.Rationale: Having all daily required amenities nearby will reduce client’s risk of falling. (Kozier, pg 774, 2010). 6. Increase client’s awareness by highlighting the risk factors associated with falls within home; removing unsafe objects. Rationale: Risk factors such as clutter, unsecure rugs, extra loose tripping clothing and inadequate lighting hampers the motivation for mobility (Kozier, pg 774, 2010). 1. Creating a therapeutic nurse-client relationship by listening attentively and increasing her positivity by talking about her past pleasant experiences.Rationale: Encourage client to share feeling and reflecting on past accomplishments, positive memories and significant milestones (Day, 2010, pg. 434). 2. Encourage client to become involved in activities on the unit like interacting with staff, other clients, particip ating in therapy and recreational activities. Rationale: This will help distract her mind from a preoccupation with her illness (White, 2005, pg. 1326). 3. Provide things to do when client is feeling down, like, crossword puzzle, reading books, watching TV.Rationale: This provides time to shift her attention to more creative activities, and will see the situation not so utterly and hopeless (White, 2005, pg. 1326). 4. Teach client to substitute negative self-talk with positive self-talk. Rationale: Focusing on individual’s strengths and abilities enables and support hope (Day, 2010, pg. 434). 5. Encourage client to spend increased time with family and loved ones. Rationale: Clients who live alone with no family support are more prone to hopelessness (Carpenito-Moyet, 2008, pg. 329). 6.Encourage client to engage in creative activities to tap their resources. For example, music, art, storytelling, quilting etc. Rationale: Expressive arts are framework for identifying personal s trengths (Kozier, 2010, pg. 1440). | 1. Client performs activities within daily limits of vital signs. 2. Based on the pain scale verbalized by client, pain medication is administered 30 minutes prior to the start of daily activity. 3. Client demonstrates changing of positions within her tolerance limits. 4. Client understands and demonstrates ROM exercises to improve her mobility. 5.Client discussed importance of activity and rest patterns to manage energy and prevent fatigue. 6. Client understands importance of exercise and looks forward to physiotherapist appointment and also does regular exercise at home as tolerated. 1. Nurse makes sure that client has all the necessary things in within reach before leaving the room. 2. Client understands importance of nutrition in reducing risk for fall and eats appropriately. 3. Client looks forward to Occupation/Physical Therapy appointments. 4. Client understands importance of exercise and also does regular exercise at home as tolerated. . Client verbalized a plan to make changes at home to ensure safety. 6. Client is aware of potential risk for falls and keeps home clutter free and safe. 1. Client seems positive about her life talking to health care team. 2. Client socializes with other people on the floor and looks forward to any recreational activity. 3. Client sets target to finish some part of her magazines and puzzles book before a certain time of day like before breakfast or lunch comes. 4. Client understands and verbalizes the improvement in her health rather than her initial diagnosis. 5.Client makes plans to meet with family and friends every one or two week as per everyone convenience. 6. Client keeps herself occupied either by reading books, watching TV, listening to music or knitting etc. | References (Day,R. A. , Paul, P. ,Willaims, B. , Smeltzer, S. C. , Bare, B. (2010). Textbook of Canadian Medical-Surgical Nursing (pp. 982-983). Williams & Wilkins. White, L. (2005). Foundations of nursing. Australia U nited States Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning. Carpenito-Moyet, L. J. (2008). Nursing care plans & documentation, nursing diagnoses and collaborative problems. 5 ed. ). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Ackley, B. J. , & Ladwig, G. B. (2008). Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care (8th ed. ). St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier. Kozier, B. , Erb, G. , Berman, A. , Synder, S. , Bouchal, S. R. , & Hirst, S. (2010). Fundamentals of canadian nursing, concepts, process and practice. (2 ed. ). Toronto: Pearson Canada. Gulanick, M. , & Myers, J. L. (2010). Nursing care plans, diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes. (7 ed. ). PA: Mosby.

Is The Duchess of Malfi about love or power Essay Example

Is The Duchess of Malfi about love or power Essay Example Is The Duchess of Malfi about love or power Paper Is The Duchess of Malfi about love or power Paper Essay Topic: Play In the play The Duchess of Malfi, John Webster explores several themes which include both love and power, and in this instance both appear to be inextricably linked. For these reasons, one cannot define whether power or love is the defining essence of the play, but it can be argued as to which one is predominant. The only characters who appear to encapsulate any kind of true love are foremost Antonio and the Duchess, whose relationship is maintained for a substantial period before it is thwarted by the corruption of their surroundings. The theme of power, however, is far more complicated in that each character experiences the use of power, or becomes a victim as a result of the abuse of power. This includes the concept of power between men and women, those of different social statuses, and the use of knowledge as a tool to gain power, mainly through secrecy. The main conflict of power is shown in the relationships between the Duchess and her brothers. Webster explores the idea of male dominance over women in the way in which the Duchess brothers are so controlling of her, and condescending towards her. With Ferdinand in particular, this idea is reinforced as he is portrayed to have a fair amount of power, and also eager to maintain the power which he has. He speaks with others tongues, and hears mens suits With others ears; will seem to sleep o th bench Only to entrap offenders in their answers. What is particularly unusual about these relationships is the way in which the Duchess persistently challenges all the authorities that her brothers try to impose on her. In this particular case, she is doing it for the sake of love, which reinforces the idea that power and love are indeed linked. As her brothers try to convince her that marrying again would be foolish, not only does she disregard what they say, but she also defends her own wishes. Diamonds are of most value, They say, that have past through most jewelers hands. Whores, by that rule, are precious. Her attempt to convince her brothers otherwise shows great character and determination, which was highly unusual for women of those times. Later on in the play when the Duchess brothers are aware of her sexual activity (which they assume is out of wedlock), they both discuss what they want to do with her. I could kill her now. Their discussion not only envisions the idea that they are using the power that they have been given, but in a more physical aspect, their masculine power against her feminine independence. This struggle of power between the siblings is kept on the surface throughout the play, as the brothers continuously try to control the Duchess, yet she remains persistent in challenging and disobeying them. Another exploration of power is through the secrecy involved in the play, and how the characters effectively gain a certain amount of power by knowing something that other characters dont. The secret relationship between Antonio and the Duchess gives them both power in terms of its effect on the other characters, particularly Ferdinand. Antonio has a certain amount of power over Ferdinand as the relationship is making him angry, yet he has the power to stop it. Bosola also tries to use knowledge to his advantage as he hopes that in exchange for the spying he does for Ferdinand, he will receive not only power, but also respect. Throughout the play, love never appears to come into its own form as power does, but it is always tainted with the corruption of the society; the only real love between any two characters has to be hidden for many years for fear of life. Even when the theme of love is more explicit to the audience, it is still mixed with the theme of power. At the beginning of the play when the Duchess is trying court Antonio, Webster not only explores once again the concept of power between men and women, but also the boundaries created by social status. The Duchess clearly goes against her brothers wishes by marrying again, but she furthers her violation by marrying someone of a lower social status i.e. Antonio, a steward. Sir, this goodly roof of yours, is too low built; I cannot stand upright int nor discourse, Without I raise it higher; raise yourself. In this instance, the Duchess is literally raising Antonio, but metaphorically raising his social status to her level, although this does still not comply with her brothers standards. It is also particularly ironic that the Duchess uses secrecy for the sake of love when she asks Cariola to hide, and thus make their meeting a wedding ceremony. Good dear soul, Leave me; but place thyself behind the arras, Where thou mayst overhear us. This is the only instance in the play whereby secrecy is used with good intentions, as opposed to the usual web of deception that surrounds the other characters. Of the few female characters, Julia plays an important role in emphasising the difference between love and lust. She is similar to the Duchess in that she is in part of a secret relationship, but her intentions are different to those of the Duchess, as her relationship is with a married man out of wedlock. This contrast is once again emphasised at the end, when it is apparent that Julia dies for lust, whereas the Duchess dies for love. Towards the end of the play, when the Duchess has her final disputes with her brother before her death, it almost seems like a battle of love against power. One instance where perhaps love does take precedence over power is when Ferdinand has finally discovered who has fathered her children, and instead of killing her, he tells her to kill herself. Die then, quickly! Ferdinand clearly has the power and motivation to kill the Duchess, yet he refrains from doing so, perhaps because his love for her is too strong. Before the battle comes to its eventual end whereby love loses, and the Duchess is killed, she still manages to maintain her power and dignity to the very end of her life, showing her determined and strong character. I am Duchess of Malfi still. The question of whether the play is about love or power can never be answered, as it can never be only one of them. It would initially appear that power is dominant, as all the love is destroyed, and even those who hold power are brought to their deaths, drowning in their own corruption and greed. Only one relationship in the play shows true love, and this leads to the ultimate death of all of the leading characters. However, it is also important to note the effect each theme has on the other, and how they complement each other.

8 customer service tips every retail employee should have

8 customer service tips every retail employee should have Dealing with sometimes demanding, sometimes ornery, sometimes outright hostile customers may be the biggest challenge any retail employee must face. Retail places all employees in a veritable public relations position because the way employees handle customers reflects on the business as a whole. That’s why management is generally adamant about all employees possessing ace interpersonal skills- even if those employees don’t spend their days behind the customer service desk. So no matter if you’re a stock clerk, cashier, or floor manager, you may learn a thing or 8 by perusing these customer service skills every retail employee needs to know to succeed. 1. Be patientThis one is Customer Service 101. Simply being patient may also be tougher than it sounds. A customer, especially an agitated one, can really try your patience with demands or complaints. Just remember that your customer’s needs and emotions come before your own. Take the time to listen to your customer’s problems without allowing him or her to dominate the conversation or distract you from your duties. When you figure out the problem and how you can solve it, politely wrap up the conversation so you can take care of your customer’s request. Most customers will appreciate a swift end to their ranting if they think their needs are about to be met.2. Remain positive- no matter whatDon’t wait for the customer to set the tone of a discussion, because a disgruntled one probably won’t be gearing up for the most pleasant exchange in the world. Greet all comers with a smile and a cheerful, â€Å"How may I help you?† Hopefully your positivity will rub off on the customer so that the tone of the conversation doesn’t go south.3. Be ready for anythingOne thing any retail worker learns quickly is that the workday is unpredictable. Things can be going smoothly for hours, but all it takes is for one sourpuss to bust through the door for the workd ay to take a wrong turn. So always be ready for any eventualities. Remember that you are at work, and you must deliver quality customer service on a dime regardless of your own state of mind.4. Know your businessFew things will frustrate customers in need more than the notion that they are talking to someone who cannot help them. What’s more, few things are more frustrating or bewildering for retail employees than feeling as though they don’t know what a customer wants. Prevent those situations by knowing the ins and outs of all aspects of your business. For example, you may not work in layaway, but you should still know what it is in the event a customer wants to pay for an item at a later date. Having an answer to any question will set the customer at ease and keep you in control of all situations.5. Hone your communication skillsAnother key to staying in control is communicating well. This does not just mean speaking audibly, confidently, and properly. It also requi res you to be aware of your own body language. Maintain eye contact with the customer. Uncross your arms. Stand up straight. These traits convey the air of confidence that will make your customers feel as though they are in good hands.6. Find the problemWhile it is your duty to always communicate well, you cannot always expect the same from your customers. Yet it is still your job to help them. So you may have to sift through some irrelevant or confused talk to figure out what exactly your customer wants. That should be your goal, no matter how angry or garbled the language that’s coming your way.7. Read between the lines if necessaryUsually, you don’t have to be a body language expert to read your customers effectively, as customers tend express their moods clearly. Some may be tricky though. For example, a customer may ask for help with a particular work-related issue, but the real agenda is that he or she is lonely and just wants to talk to someone. In such cases, b e polite, be sensitive, but bring the conversation to as quick of an end as possible so you can get on with your duties. In other cases, customers might just be looking for a fight. Never take the bait. Bring the confrontation to as quick and polite a conclusion as possible, and if necessary, just walk away and allow security to step in before things get out of hand.8. Stay coolNo matter what the customer’s tone or problem may be, you must always greet them with professionalism. Don’t let them rattle you. Keep your cool. Get into character as if you are playing the role of the world’s greatest customer service representative- even if your main job is to stock shelves or work the register.Always remember that you are an important member of the organization and it is your job to represent the company positively, competently, and calmly whenever dealing with its customers.

Article Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Summary - Essay Example Department of Education, 2002). It's important, though, to realize that learning disabilities (LD) vary from person to person. One person with LD may not have the same kind of learning problems as another person with LD. One may have trouble with reading and writing. Another may have problems with understanding math. Still another person may have trouble in each of these areas, as well as with understanding what people are saying. The diagnosis of learning disabilities is often a sticky issue. Of particular concern are the various methods used to test children suspected of having a learning disability and the differing eligibility criteria that states apply to decide whether or not a child qualifies for special education and related services. A lot rides on those decisions. Depending on the diagnostic process used, the resulting picture may vary as to the child's abilities and difficulties. And based upon the picture that emerges of the child, decisions are made about the education and special assistance that the child will receive (or not) and the resources that the state will commit to provide the child with special education (or not). This article reviews the historical basis and rationale for identifying children as learning disabled on the basis of a discrepancy between scores on measures of intelligence and achievement.

'To tackle the fight against trafficking, we need to concentrate on Essay

'To tackle the fight against trafficking, we need to concentrate on state intervention and stricter border controls'. Discuss - Essay Example This however is not usually the case as sexual exploitation is the first harsh condition they encounter before being sneaked into the desired and promised country due to lack of proper travel documentation. Human trafficking is majorly carried out by agents whom according to Agustin (2005) may be governmental, religious, nongovernmental, academic or even medical groups and organizations (Agustin, 2005, pg. 100). These groups and organizations operate on a legitimate basis upfront but carry out the illegal immigration and human trafficking as a form of black market business hence making it harder for immigration authorities to detect them. Even with the strict immigration laws being enforced in some European countries like Germany and even UK, illegal immigrants still find their way inside those nations. According to statistics provided by the United Nations, there are over 175 million people who cross borders on a yearly basis and majority of them do so illegally without being detect ed or through fraudulent means. Human trafficking is a global affair and it has been able to rise due to the fact that it is intertwined with issues of international crime, corruption deals (conducted through unscrupulous immigration officials), coercion and even lack of stringent state laws concerning immigration or even border patrol. The lack of anti-trafficking statutes in most states contributes to the increasing trafficking of people. This is evident in even famous place like New York City in United States of America. This lack of laws provides a leeway for the agents to ferry the illegal immigrants from Latin nations like Mexico, through US and finally finding themselves in European nations like France. Testimonies have been provided by the trafficked people especially women who are illegally or even legally assisted to migrate into European nations through the promise of being enrolled into the domestic labour market of that country. However on reaching their destination, th e domestic labour market turns out to be a thriving sex industry where sexual exploitation is the order of the day under organized pimps and even in brothels. Those lucky to enter the domestic labour market do so as helps or by providing cheap labour services and even in these places, they are still sexually exploited (Long, 2004, pg. 18). Some critics argue that it is easy to prevent such sexual exploitation that happens through the cover of provision of domestic labour market but it is not so easy. This is because the trafficking that takes place under this front has legal cover ups as mentioned earlier of legitimate organizations whose side business is trafficking of people without the knowledge of the authorities. It is evident that trafficking moves from the South towards the North and it heavily consists of women. According to feminists and especially the African feminists, women are the most negatively affected by development policies and measures taken by their countries, fo r example those that follow conditions dictated by International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank in order to grant loans and financial aid to these countries. These Bretton Woods financial organizations demand (as one of their conditions) restructuring which in short means cutting some of

Training and development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Training and development - Assignment Example Training and development are crucial to the business because it equips the employees with the relevant knowledge and skills for realizing the business objectives through a well laid down strategies (Werner, Jon and Randy, 15). With the increasing level of competition, the most organization embraces the fact that there exist the link between policy and training and organizational development. Therefore, human resource is regarded as equally important as any other resource in an organization, in that respect, the team must spend so well in their training. In the training process, the employees go through professional certification. Professional certification is important to both the organization and the individual. It is important to the organization in that the operator will execute his or her duties with due competence. Furthermore, it is also important during the execution of strategy. On the other hand, the employee who has undergone professional certification will have courage in the performance of his duties and policy implementation. Training and development is one crucial and important thing in many organizational setting. Training and development usually lead to improved performance of groups and i ndividuals in any organization. In most cases, professional certification is financed by the business organization (Werner, Jon and Randy, 43). On the part of the organizational development (OD), it is imperative especially for the effectiveness and widening of productivity in the organization. Furthermore, OD acts as a way of solving the problems that involve the execution of strategy. However, the process of executing organizational development requires an investment of both time and finance. It is prudent that the company invests on the human resource through training. Human resource management is always the department charged with the duty of training and development (Wilson, 65). Training

What Is Happening To Mother Earth Media Essay

What Is Happening To Mother Earth Media Essay In this paper, I would like to investigate the negative impacts of environmental damage through the media. Primarily through An Inconvenient Truth (2006), Cool it (2010), and Darwins Nightmare (2004), I aim to demonstrate how film makers critique environmental activities and the condition of Mother Earth today. Especially in todays society where sustainable development is emphasized, it is of paramount importance to shed light on why and whether our Earth is really deteriorating. With capitalism being the dominant ideology around, environmental damage can be perpetuated by developed nations at the expense of those less fortunate. More importantly, I aim to scrutinise the realities of the films and to what extent they are objective and accurate to viewers. The advantage of this strategy is that it holds on to the concept of the real (Williams, 1993).The presence of cinematic tricks and direction has allowed documentaries to be scripted and staged. However, I plan to determine if environmental films are merely being staged or exaggerated to evoke fear and to sustain an ideological agenda and economic model (which is capitalism) or whether they indeed reflect Mother Earths deteriorating condition through various cinematic depictions of reality. Preliminary research question(s), hypothesis(es): RQ1: Do these environmental films portray objective representations of environmental issues? Planned Methodology: I have chosen these 3 films for a few reasons. First of all, these 3 films are shot in different years. This enables a gradual and successive tracking of the environmental condition across a decade and also provides a nuanced analysis of cinematic direction towards Mother Nature. Also, these films cover a multitude of environmental issues, including issues concerning the air, water and land. Not only is this crucial to our analysis of the films, but is also needed to give a balanced approach towards the research questions. For example, Darwins Nightmare gives a thorough depiction of water pollution in Tanzania, while An Inconvenient Truth shows more of a reaction towards global environmental devastation and its repercussions on its inhabitants. Cool It on the other hand, depicts a response to inadequate institutions and governments when tackling environmental devastation. Timoner audaciously depicts Lomborg heading the Copenhagen Consensus who claims that this issue has been blown ou t of proportion by government officials and scientists. This movie stands in contrast to An Inconvenient Truth which depicts Al Gore the politician, educating and evoking fear in the public over environmental atrocities. Yet, it is precisely this stark contrast that allows us to juxtapose and compare analyses. First up, I would argue that An Inconvenient Truth on first impression seems like a very objective representation of the issues at hand. This is because Al Gore not only uses facts throughout his speeches, but peppers them with wit and farce. For example in the opening of the film, he greets the audience with a joke: I am Al Gore; I used to be the next President of the United States. Although he jokes frequently, he puts on a serious expression when relating to facts, figures and images. He also discusses the  scientific opinion on climate change, as well as the present and future  effects of global warming  and stresses that climate change is really not a political issue, so much as a moral one. With that, he is praised by Reason journalist, Ronald Bailey (2006) becasuse Gore gets [the science] more right than wrong. Although he shares his personal life anecdotes (with early climate expert Roger Revelle, sisters death from lung cancer, and sons near brush with death), he can b e mainly seen as reflecting, and not attempting to spark emotion. He is hence, seen as largely detached. Comedic farce is also seen when he stood on a contraption to point to the highest point of the graph depicting the release of carbon dioxide omissions. This does not undercut reality, but instead humours the viewers, and also shows a sharp throwback to the harsh realities of the situation. However, it may seem theatrical or staged to cynics like Bjorn Lomborg (2010) who view him as attempting to use fear to change circumstances. Documentaries are meant to both alert and convince in my opinion. Hence, if we look into what environmentalists say about the film, we will discover that the aforementioned facade of objectivity is exposed  when we realise that the film is laden with misguiding claims about environmental science and global warming. I will now attempt to discredit Al Gore and his film by exposing his misrepresentations (Robert, 2006): Misleading claims about effects of climate change:  Gore claims global warming caused the advent of new diseases, but most of the diseases named have minimal relationship to climate. Gore also neglects the strong influence of external factors, like wildfires or pest outbreaks to global warming. Even with malaria which is a climate-based disease, more important factors like management of human infrastructure and health systems are named instead. He also claims global warming is causing a huge number of polar bear drownings but other researchers think otherwise. Glacier-melting in the Glacier national park and in Africa on Mount Kilimanjaro are labelled as the aftermath such environmental neglect, but we see that these have been melting since the 19th Century. Exaggerations about sea level rise:  He claims that ice-sheet meeting in Greenland and West Antarctic will forcefully expatriate millions elsewhere so as to avoid the 6 meters sea level rise. Regretably, we discover that even worst-case scenarios are not that bad. Most research indicates that such melting would only take 1,000 to 5,000 years if it were to happen. Even the United Nations IPCC anticipate only sea level rise of less than a meter for the next 100 years. Reliance on worst-case scenarios:  An underlying problem is that Gore presents worst-case scenarios as fact and is hence characteristic of propaganda. He relies on models that he deems evermore accurate, but the accuracy of such models are still questionalble.Climate change here is described at an international scale instead of a regional or local level where impacts would swing both sides depending on how we choose to respond. However, his intonation suggests that positive change is near to impossible. For example he says that The most vulnerable part of the Earths ecological system is the atmosphere. Its vulnerable because its so thin. (Arnold, 2006). Yet, we can see thinner and more destructible parts like the hydrosphere. The usage of emotive and superlative adjectives are meant to spark off emotions to fulfil his personal agenda. Misleading claims about the responsibility of the United States:  Gore states America as the guilty party, but doesnt give a balance viewpoint. There are deceptive comparisons of the American fuel economy standards in the U.S. and also inaptly lambastes his country for failing to ratify the Kyoto Protocol without making it known the ways in which America was unfairly targeted in the terms. Furthermore, considering that in the beginning of the film as one who prides himself as someone who used to be the next president of the United States, he is furthermore seen as untrustable and even allows one to imagine what could potentially happen to America if he succeeded in being elected in. Misrepresentation of data:  Gore presents one temperature data to support that present temperatures are warmer than in the past millenium. The graph however, is derived from other proxies and tree rings. Scientists are skeptical because this is similar to temperatures in 1100-1300 AD . He also claims that 2005 was the hottest year ever, but in reality there is no accuracy from present data to differentiate the period of 1998 to 2005. What is even more appalling is this quote from Al Gore (Arnold, 2006): Moreover, since science thrives on uncertainty and politics is paralyzed by it, scientists have a difficult time sounding the alarm bells for politicians, because even when their findings make it clear that were in grave danger, their first impulse is to replicate the experiment to see if they get the same result. (Arnold, 2006). However, we see that this statement is merely stereotypical. Many scientists are actually quite willing to sound alarm bells to shed light and awareness (Robert, 2006). It is therefore unfair to suggest that scientists will tend not to call for attention to clear evidence of danger. Hence, this claim is largely a personal opinion and does not reflect objectivity. Because such representations are no longer accurate, we are now plunged into a permanent state of the self-reflexive crisis of representation and what was once a mirror with a memorycan only reflect another mirror (Trinh, 1990). In Timoners Cool It, she depicts Lomborg in a raw manner, including all his anxieties and concerns about the environment. With interviews with Lomborg interspersed throughout the film, Timoner follows Lomborg on his mission to bring the smartest solutions to climate change, environmental pollution, and other major problems in the world. In the opening of the film, Timoner depicts childrens voices and children-drawn pictures about the earth. This raises the success of his cinematic development up a level by allowing current viewers to reflect on their personal environmental usage and treatments. By alluding to children, it encourages reflexive methods towards environmental usage for scientists and raises awareness for common folklore and that if improvements continue to be slow, both mother earth and children of the world will suffer from the excesses of our hedonistic demands. Timoner is seen to be objective and realistic in her film because she depicts the lowdown nature of governme nts, including the biggest in the world. This can be seen when Lomborg remarks that The climate-industrial complex does not promote discussion on how to overcome this challenge in a way that will be best for everybody. We should not be surprised or impressed that those who stand to make a profit are among the loudest calling for politicians to act. Spending a fortune on global carbon regulations will benefit a few, but dearly cost everybody else. This reflects the tonality of the worlds greatest leaders on environmentalism (official website, 2010). However, while on one hand it may seem objective, upon scrutiny, we discover that there are loopholes in the film. These loopholes appear not solely because of Timoners artistic direction, but because of the featured Lomborg too, his networked connections and his fixated mentality on environmentalism. Amateurs who view this film may regard this film as objective because of the reasons above. However, I will now analyse and discern it from a critical point of view. I posit that this film may in fact do more harm than good and is in fact, an attempted reflexive mixed with expository mode of documentary (Nichols, 1983). However, we see that this does not succeed well with viewers as they may not reflector buy into the arguments posited by Timoner through images. This is because it is unrealistic to cast environmentalists as the primary establishment when they do not play a primary role in multinational corporations and international agencies like World Bank, United Nations and the Inter national Monetary Fund (IMF). Viewers are also given the chance to question the filmmakers ability to represent any reality fairly and adequately. This loss in faith in the objectivity of the image seems to point nihilistically, like the impossible memory of the meeting of the fictional Rambo and the real Roosevelt, to the brute and cynical disregard of ultimate truths (Williams, 1993) Furthermore, Lomborgs central stand in the film is that all the money dedicated by the European Union is a massive waste and that we should invest in green technologies instead. $250 billion is quoted. Whilst this may seem rational and practical, one will soon realise that it is no zero sum game. He also spends much time talking about emerging green technologies, like solar, wind and wave power, fuel cells, and algae biofuels. It may seem as though he is the only one who has thought of these, failing to mention that it is environmentalists who have been on the forefront of pushing these efforts for decades. This expository ethos soon fails and it starts to appear propagandistic. We see not only hidden messages, but also a film that compels people to attitude and action. Also, Bjorn is a credible and persuasive figure, uses contextualisation, cynicism and fast-pacing, traits that are similar to Black/real propaganda. He also picks a fight over more controversial technologies, like the next-generation nuclear power and so-called geo-engineering which purposefully changing the climate. In this Lomborg comes across as a technofixer, as someone who believes that humankind can innovate ourselves out of every problem. He also skips over how he is actually going to raise the $250 billion. Whether this is deliberately left out by Timoner or not mentioned by Lomborg, we do not know. However, we presume that this is not mentioned by Lomborg because it would be such a monumental step and feature-worthy point for Timoner. Also, judging from his numerous sweeping statements, it is likely that Lomborg does not address that issue. In all his complaints of how addressing climate change would cost so much money, Lomborg also never addresses the fact that spending money on green technologies will actually stimulate the global economy (Howard, 2010). To add on, also like a creationist film,  Cool It  is loaded with experts who arent specialists in the subject at hand. Because they arent climate scientists, interpreting the actual science of global warming that can be a problem. Also, the few critics like the Stanford professor are carefully edited and are shown to be hostile and edgy. All this points to the film being truthful only where it is possible and that much truth is hidden behind the issues that seem like the truth. One last important point is there have been numerous and extensive accounts of Lomborgs many factual errors. They appear in the highly respected science journal  Nature, by  Scientific American, magazines, newspapers, web logs and many others. While challenging the status quo is essential, getting the facts straight is also crucial for his credibility and as such, the films credibility. I would hence conclude that Cool It is far from objective, has many grey areas, and definitely worth exploring deeper before documenting and finalising it into a film. Moving on, Darwins Nightmare tells of environmental and social effects of the fishing industry around  Lake Victoria  in  Tanzania. It acutely alerts us to what economic exploitation can mean for inhabitants who fish for a living, hence showing the dichotomy of the rich-poor. Having environmental troubles is hence an extra burden to those already struggling to make a living. This film is objective because Hubert Sauper ranges widely to document this new fishing economy, hence taking us to many places. For example, he takes us to places like boats, around the country, with dying prostitutes, and to lakesides. We also see hunger-stricken kids, glue-sniffers, and stomach-bloated children fighting for food. The cinematic arts are often meant to inspire, instruct, and entertain, but this is a rarity of its own because the images here are are meant to produce a outrage beyond ones threshold. Darwins Nightmare, Saupers new documentary, is so punishing (and yet realistically scary) in its bleakness, and hence acts as a white flag for all further endeavors (Cale, 2006). Also, it is Saupers moving images that has the power to move audiences to a new appreciation of previously unknown truth (Williams, 1993). In surveying humanitys collision with the environment, Sauper examines matters often absent from the nature film genre. He gives us mother nature in devastation and a failing society with its dire repercussions. His gut-wrenching methods and audaciously visual images can be viewed by some as a ideological aim towards instilling fear, but yet on the same side of a coin, these images are plain revelations and tell of an inescapable flaw of capitalism.Although his methods seem extreme (just like the depiction of the Nile perch, having chewed through its prey, has now turned to cannibalism), this is sheer rawness of objective reality without lies or hidden facts. Just like An Inconvenient Truth, the questions it raises are some of the most pressing of our time. Both films uses black comedy intentionally (Cale, 2006), hence highlighting pessimism in the face of the corrosive effects of imperialism. One may speak of markets and invisible hands until theory is literally coursing through ones veins, but it is an inescapable flaw of capitalism that a nations goods are wholly exported while the citizens of that country waste away and die. The rich-poor dichotomy however is also present and it is often forgotten that only those with capital  benefit from such arrangements. The poor and the homeless continue to be lag behind in society and is poorly treated. Such images leave viewers with an objective and essential truth that guides ones world view through each and every waking moment. In the name of jobs and economic development, the white men has committed more unspeakable atrocities than ever before. We seem alright however, with Herbert Spencers (1851) perverse vision of survival of the fittest, where the lowest of the social hierarchy sinks to the bottom. What the West truly thinks of the African is often sugar-coated by benefit concerts and television appeals (ie: Live8 concerts), but at the end of the day, its gradual deterioration is little noticed. This film hence not only alerts us to the harsh realities, but gives us a shocking revelation like never before. So as the camera goes across the Tanzanian landscape, we are filled with ambivalence as we see not only hunger-stricken infants, but also scrawny and ashamed prostitutes and glue-sniffing kids, and bloated infants. Conclusion: As seen from the above three movies, it is evident that Darwins Nightmare remains as the only film out of the three with consistency and objectivity. Even though its visual images can be revulsive, it does not conjure up fake statements unfairly in order to increase sales or fulfil a personal agenda. Truth is not guaranteed. Interestingly, Gore claims to be presenting the scientific consensus on global warming but this is not always so. His dramatic theatrical stance gives way as the film progresses, hence rendering it not as objective as it might initially seem. Al Gore clearly used a number of tricks to make his case more persuasive to make the data better fit his explanation of whats going on in the world. Intentional or unintentional, when one is dealing with an issue that could have an economic impact measured in the trillions of dollars, Al Gore should have been more careful when making his case because inhabitants of the world deserve better knowledge. Cool It is no better. Its unreliability and lack of objectiveness is less personal, but more of a lack of in-depth analysis of the bigger global picture. Lomborg seems too engrossed in challenging the status quo and attempting to question environmental methods and hence failing to double check his facts. He uses whatever is needed to justify his personal agenda. It is hence of no surprise that both Cool It and An Inconvenient Truth have sparked off much controversy while the earlier 2004s Darwins Nightmare is one largely praised by many. The documentary era has arrived where manipulation of data is no longer tolerated to make their points more convincing. Especially in this society where elites (and hence shapers of the world situation) become more intelligent, people are easily more outraged when blatantly deceived. Because Nichols four documentary modes are historically and textually intertwined, we have to use a discerning eye when addressing any queries or issues.